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| Oxidoreductases | Transferases | Hydrolases | Lyases | Isomerases | Ligases |
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Basic Information |
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Enzyme Number | 4.1.1.28 |
Official Name | aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase |
Name from literature | aromatic amino acid decarboxylase |
Pathway from literature | renal dopamine formation |
Pathway from KEGG |
Amino Acid Metabolism; Tryptophan metabolism; map00380 |
| Amino Acid Metabolism; Histidine metabolism; map00340 | |
| Amino Acid Metabolism; Phenylalanine metabolism; map00360 | |
| Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites; Alkaloid biosynthesis I; map00950 | |
| Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites; Indole and ipecac alkaloid biosynthesis; map00901 | |
| Amino Acid Metabolism; Tyrosine metabolism; map00350 | |
Organisms | Rat (10116) |
Genome localization | 14q21[24311 ], |
Comments | A pyridoxal-phosphate protein. The enzyme also acts on some other aromatic L-amino acids, including L-tryptophan. |
Rate-limiting Description | "The central hypothesis of this study is that coexpression of four dopamine biosynthetic and transporter genes in striatal neurons can support the efficient production and regulated, vesicular release of dopamine: tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) converts tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTP CH I) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of the cofactor for TH, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) converts L-DOPA to dopamine, and a vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT-2) transports dopamine into synaptic vesicles, thereby supporting regulated, vesicular release of dopamine and relieving feedback inhibition of TH by dopamine." (15684695) |
| "Three enzymes are necessary for efficient dopamine synthesis: tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) converts tyrosine to L-DOPA, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) then converts L-DOPA to dopamine, and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GCH) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of TH co-factor tetrahydrobiopterine." (12235825) |
| "In tubules preincubated with inhibitors of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), the rate-limiting enzyme in renal dopamine formation, prolactin had no effect on Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity." (16164646) |
| "Tyrosine hydroxylation, the rate-limiting step in CA synthesis, was assessed by measuring the accumulation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyalanine (DOPA) by high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) in rat striatal dices following incubation of the tissue with the aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor m-hydroxybenzyl hydrazine (NSD 1015)." (15927700) |
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Gene ontology |
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Gene ontology |
GO:0030170 (F) pyridoxal phosphate binding [P14173 ]; |
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Links |
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SwissProt | |
Entrez Gene |